In a major victory for climate justice, South Africa’s High Court has ruled the government’s plans to expand coal-fired power “unlawful and unconstitutional.”
The decision comes after a 3-year legal battle by environmental groups; groundWork, African Climate Alliance, and Vukani Environmental Justice Movement, who argued that new coal projects would violate citizens’ fundamental rights.
South Africa, which gets 85% of its electricity from coal and ranks as Africa’s top greenhouse gas emitter, had approved 1,500MW of new coal capacity in 2020 despite pledging a cleaner energy transition.
The court found officials failed to consider how this would worsen air pollution, climate impacts, and health risks—especially for children—or explore affordable renewable alternatives.
“This isn’t just about emissions,” said one advocate. “It’s about the right to breathe clean air, drink safe water, and have a livable future.” The judgment emphasized that the government couldn’t justify violating constitutional rights to life, dignity, and a healthy environment.
The ruling forces South Africa to align its energy plans with both its climate commitments and human rights obligations. While existing coal plants remain operational, the decision blocks new projects and sets a precedent for holding governments accountable when prioritizing polluting industries over people’s well-being.
As one of the world’s most coal-dependent nations navigates this transition, the case proves communities can use courts to demand climate justice—and win.
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